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Gloria a Dios found it!  Early 1800s percussion pistol that was on the Greg Martin site long ago 
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Rev, Had a power outage yesterday so could not do much. This morning I looked at that link, it is one fascinating book! I downloaded it in .pdf, spent far too long reading through bits of it and now will have to work late to catch up on my real work!
It is a collection of the proceedings of the Imperial Society of Agriculture, Industry, Sciences, Arts and Letters of the Loire Departement. It is a sort of Regional French version of the UK's Royal Society. Their meeting topics would appear to be at the leading edge of scientific thought of the 1860 period. Each of the branches had its own sub-committee or work group and all these came together monthly at general committee level to discuss the overall findings. The Industry Section covered guns, etc.
Page 94 (of the Annals, not .pdf file) details the Session of 7th May 1863, which among other topics, had: (my translation) Manufacture of gun barrels – Mr. Ronchard-Siauve read a paper on the first part of a highly interesting study on this topic. The reading of this work will be continued at the next session. At the time of the reading, a pertinent discussion arose between several members on the relative merit of fusils a baguette (lit. rod rifles??) and Lefuacheux guns. Mr. Rivolier held a strong view on the superiority of the latter gun, and he took it upon himself to bring to the next session a study on this topic which will be put on the Agenda.
On page 108 there is reference to the offer to Ronchard-Siauve of three papers dating from 1744 on the manufacture of guns for use in the preparation of his study/report... On Page 18, in the list of members it shows Rivolier, Junior, Arms manufacturer, rue de l’Hopital 22. A few lines down one finds Ronchard-Siauve, Armourer- Barrel maker, Cours Fauriel. It seems that there were two Rivoliers, one of which was Jean-Baptiste, another is described as Junior (fils) – I will see if I can clarify this later. Have you any suggestions / links to a site for a good on-line dictionary on gunsmithing terms in French? Thanks, K.
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Here's a French damascus timeline Kerryguy c. 1790 – Jean-Francois Clouet (1751-1801), director of the Daigny Steel Works, expands Damascus production in Liege and Franchimont. Damascus SxS flintlocks appear in St. Etienne. 1798 - William Dupein obtains a British patent for a twist gun barrel of iron and steel. 1798-1799 - Gen. Napoleon Bonaparte's expedition against the Mameluks in Egypt and Ottomans in Syria and modern Israel. Upon his return, Napoleon expanded the production of Damascus barrels in St. Etienne and Liege into the First French Empire period 1804-1814. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Vol. 16, No. 9, May 1958. Stephen Grancsay, Curator of Arms and Armor "The New Galleries of Oriental Arms and Armor" "It was after Napoleon's expedition to Egypt that Damascus barrels were sent to Europe and achieved so high a reputation that the method of making them was copied. In this process bars of iron and steel were placed in regular alterations and welded into one bar; then this bar, or several of them placed together, was twisted spirally and the whole welded. The patterns, like those on blade of watered steel, are intricate and often elegant." 1804 – Nicolas Albert Bernard is producing Damascus in Versailles. According to Ronchard is was not until 1840 that he went to St. Etienne to learn how to make Damas Mouchete'Espingarda Perfeyta describes Twist barrel production in Portugal in 1718, with illustrations showing the tools used http://homepages.tig.com.au/~dispater/perfectgun.htmHave you checked this? Dictionnaire encyclopédique et biographique de l'industrie et des arts industriels Eugène-Oscar Lami 1885 http://books.google.com/books?id=RkIWAAAAYAAJFabrication Des Fusils De Chasse http://books.google.com/books?id=RkIWAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA347&lpg=PA347PeteM's movie is from 1925, but the tools and terminology are probably the similar. Could you please clean up these 3 paragraphs for me? Pour compléter le canon, il fallait enrouler le ruban autour de la chemise. Voici comment ou procédait à cette opération. On armait la broche soutenant la chemise d'une espèce de crochet placé près du bout de la chemise, on passait le gros bout du ruban chauffé au rouge dans le crochet et on roulait toute la partie du ruban qui était rouge sur la chemise, puis on chauffait une autre partie pour continuer l'enroulement jusqu'à la fin du ruban. Comme celui-ci avait de 4 à 5 mètres de long, ce réchauffage partiel successif constituait une opération très difficile, qui pendant longtemps a donné bien de la peine aux forgeurs, jusqu'à ce qu'enfin est venue l'heureuse idée de rouler préalablement ce ruban sur lui-même en forme àepaliat ou palet, en commençant par le petit bout. De cette manière, un ruban de 4 à 5 mètres ou de 15 à 18 pieds de long qu'il faut pour faire un canou, se réduit à un paliat ou disque rond d'un diamètre de 18 à 20 cent. ou 7 à 8 pouces, pièce facile à chauffer et facile à enrouler avec des tenailles à crochet. L'enroulement du ruban terminé, on arrache la broche et la chemise reste à l'intérieur du ruban. Le forgeur appointit les bouts du ruban de manière à ce que les deux bouts du tube se terminent plats. Puis, après avoir pris la précaution de mettre un bou- chonjde terre glaise, il fait une chaude à chaque bout pour souder la chemise avec le ruban, afin de maintenir le ruban fixé sur la chemise. Cette chemise ne sert absolument qu'à faciliter la forge des canons roulés en spirale. Il serait possible de forger un canon roulé sans chemise, mais ce serait chercher à vaincre une grande difficulté pour faire un plus mauvais canon. To complete the barrel, it was necessary to roll the ribband around the chemise. Here how or proceeded to this operation. One armed the broche supporting the chemise with a kind of hook placed close to the end of the chemise, one passed butt end of the ribband heated to the red in the hook and one rolled all the part of the ribband which was red on the chemise, then one heated another part to continue the rolling up as far as the end of the ribband. As this one had from 4 to 5 meters length, this successive partial reheating constituted a very difficult operation, which for a long time gave sorrow well to the forgeurs, until with this finally came the happy idea to roll beforehand this ribband on itself in form àepaliat or metal disc, while starting with the short period. In this manner, a ribband from 4 to 5 meters or 15 to 18 feet length it is necessary to make a barrel, is reduced to a paliat or round disc of a diameter from 18 to 20 hundreds, or 7 to 8 inches, part easy to heat and easy to roll up with clippers with hook. The rolling up of the finished ribband, one tears off the broche and the chemise remains with the core of the ribband. The forgeur points the ends of the ribband so that the two ends of the tube finish flat. Then, after having taken the precaution to put a bouchoude’ de terre glaise, it makes a heat with each end to weld the chemise with the ribband, in order to maintain the ribband fixed onto the chemise. This chemise does not serve absolutely; to facilitate the forging mill of the guns rolled in spiral. It would be possible to forge a gun rolled without chemise, but would be to seek to overcome a great difficulty to make a worse gun. La forge du canon à rubans se fait à peu près comme celle du canon en lames, seulement, au feu, le maniement de la chaude est un peu différent. L'on met un trafic et l'on commence la première chaude à 15 ou 20 centimètres de la bouche. Quand le canon prend le rouge, il plie comme s'il était cassé; arrivé au rouge blanc, c'est à peine s'il résiste. On commence alors à refouler en frappant sur la tête du trafic à mesure qu'on refoule ; le canon, qui, à la main, paraissait cassé, prend du corps et devient plus raide ; c'est que les spirales du rubans se soudent par le refoulage. On refoule continuellement, jusqu'à ce que le canon replie et donne un son cassé. Alors le forgeur tire sa chaude du feu toujours en refoulant et très délicatement, car un rien pourrait faire casser le canon; il refoule trois ou quatre fois en frappant contre l'enclume avec l'extrémité du canon. ll commence légèrement et augmente la force du refoulage à chaque coup, en ayant soin de tourner son canon dans la main, afin de conserver l'aplomb du tube sur la chaude, car si le canon se faussait sur la chaude en refoulant, au lieu de souder les jonctions de chaque spirale, on les dessouderait. Sitôt que le forgeur a refoulé ces trois ou quatre coups, le frappeur, comme pour les canoas lisses, tient sa broche de la main gauche, l'enfile dans le canon et frappe de suite avec un marteau de 7 à 8 livres ou 4 kilogr., en repoussant le coup de marteau au lieu de le tirer à lui. Cette opération se continue toujours de même jusqu'à la fin comme pour les canons lisses. Puis l'on recommence aussi une deuxième opération de soudure appelée le repassage, dans laquelle on fait toujours deux chaudes dans le même point et toujours aussi en refoulant, attendu qne les soudures sont toutes en travers. The forging mill of the Canon Ruban is done about like that of the barrel out of blades, only, with fire, the handling of the heat is a little different. The one puts a trafic and one begins the first heat with 15 or 20 cm of the mouth. When the gun takes the red, it folds like it was broken; arrived at the white red, it hardly resists. One then starts to drive back while striking the head of the trafic with measurement; one drives back; the barrel, which, with the hand, appeared broken, takes body and becomes stiffer; it is that the spirals of the ribbons are welded by extrusion. One drives back continuously, until that the canon folds up and gives a broken sound (?). Then the forgeur always draws his heat from fire while driving back and very delicately, because one nothing could make break the barrel; it drives back three or four times while striking against the anvil with the end of the canon. He starts slightly and increases the force of extrusion to each blow, by having care to turn its gun in the hand, in order to preserve the balance of the tube on the heat, because if the gun were distorted on the heat while driving back, instead of welding the junctions of each spiral, one would unsolder them. As soon as that the forgeur drove back these three or four blows, the striker, as for the smooth barrels, holds its broche of the left hand, the thread in the barrel and strikes continuation with a hammer from 7 to 8 books or 4 kg., by pushing back the blow of hammer instead of drawing it with him. This operation always continues of the same until at the end as for the canons lisse. Then the one starts again also a second operation of welding called le repassage, in which one always makes two heats in the same point and always also while driving back, awaited the weldings are transversely. Quant à la forge, elle se fait bien dans le même genre,-mais elle présente cependant quelques particularités à noter. Ainsi, l'on n'attend pas d'avoir un son cassé pour tirer la chaude; on regarde son canon au feu comme qui forge une barre de fer, et sitôt qu'on arrive au blanc soudant, l'on fait sa chande avec le plus de vitesse possible ; car, comme la chaleur est juste, si on ne pressait pas les mouvements, on s'exposerait à ne pas bien souder. Pour prévenir plus sûrement ce défaut, on double toutes les chaudes, c'est- à-dire que l'on en fait deux au lieu d'une, ce qui fait qu'il faut beaucoup plus de temps pour forger un canon damas frisé qu'un ruban. Il faut aussi beaucoup plus d'attention, car la moindre place qui a reçu un peu trop de chaleur forme une tache blanche qui déroche moins bien et nuit à la beauté du canon. Bien que ce défaut ne porte pas préjudice à la solidité de l'arme, ça n'en est paa moins une .cause de dépréciation à la vente. The ribbands obtained one puts them in paliat like I explained for the canons ou rubans, and one also rolls up them on a chemise same manner. As for the forging mill, it is done well in the same kind, - but it however has some effects to note. Thus, one does not wait; to have a sound broken (?) to draw the heat; one looks at his barrel with the fire like which forges an iron bar, and as soon as one arrives at the welding white, the one makes his chande with the most possible speed; because, as heat is right, if the movements were not pressed, one would risk not to weld well. To more surely prevent this defect, one doubles all the heats, it is to say that the one makes two with the of place of them; one, which makes it takes much more time to forge curly Damas canon a ruban. One needs also much more of attention, because the least place which received too much heat a little forms a white spot which déroche less better and harms the beauty of the barrel. Although this defect does not carry damage to the solidity of the arms, that in a cause of depreciation to the sale. On fit miner ces canons en les dérochant comme les damas frisés et on les mit en couleur noire. Thanks!
Last edited by revdocdrew; 05/14/09 08:54 AM.
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Doc, only a small contribution:
From what I have been able to read (and my trusty Larousse), dérocher refers to cleaning/removing rust. It can also mean to clear rocks from a canal, but not in this context I would think. JMTC.
JC
"...it is always advisable to perceive clearly our ignorance." Charles Darwin
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Doc, I should add: 'vilebrequin' is a crankshaft. Name also used for this: The word derives from the dutch "wimmelkijn". In this case surely a tool used for twisting. JC
"...it is always advisable to perceive clearly our ignorance." Charles Darwin
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Muchas gracias hermano Juan Carlos. How's your Portuguese? Espingarda Perfeyta http://homepages.tig.com.au/~dispater/perfectgun.htm
Last edited by revdocdrew; 05/14/09 06:23 PM.
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Hi Doc, Thanks for the timeline, etc. PeteM's movie - no link?? That’s it, I cannot do much more, as it takes quite a while as I do not really have the tech language. The double negatives, conditionals and subjunctive do not help! My trans is not word for word, but hopefully is more readable and accurately captures the spirit of the French piece.
The dictionary you suggest / linked is in the University College Dublin Library, (wife’s undergrad alma mater) but I cannot find an on-line version.
Some words : Chemise, (lit. a shirt) is best translated by “sleeve”, the layer around which the rods are twisted (sleeve is used by Puraye in Part 1 of his Rifleman article.)
Fouler/Refouler is a tech term that I have translated as “Pressing.” “Foulage a raisin” is a grape press.
I’ve no idea what a “trafic” is; could it be the name of a tool placed between the hammer-blows and the barrel?
I’ve translated “la chaude” as the “heated piece” as it makes more sense.
Your final para in French is missing a first sentence per the English translation you supplied.
I will have another look at th eannals later , at leisure (whatever that is!)
Finally, the owner of the littlegun.be site in Belgium could be of great help... have you been in contact with him? Kind regards, K.
Pour compléter le canon, il fallait enrouler le ruban autour de la chemise. Voici comment ou procédait à cette opération. On armait la broche soutenant la chemise d'une espèce de crochet placé près du bout de la chemise, on passait le gros bout du ruban chauffé au rouge dans le crochet et on roulait toute la partie du ruban qui était rouge sur la chemise, puis on chauffait une autre partie pour continuer l'enroulement jusqu'à la fin du ruban. Comme celui-ci avait de 4 à 5 mètres de long, ce réchauffage partiel successif constituait une opération très difficile, qui pendant longtemps a donné bien de la peine aux forgeurs, jusqu'à ce qu'enfin est venue l'heureuse idée de rouler préalablement ce ruban sur lui-même en forme àepaliat ou palet, en commençant par le petit bout. De cette manière, un ruban de 4 à 5 mètres ou de 15 à 18 pieds de long qu'il faut pour faire un canou, se réduit à un paliat ou disque rond d'un diamètre de 18 à 20 cent. ou 7 à 8 pouces, pièce facile à chauffer et facile à enrouler avec des tenailles à crochet. L'enroulement du ruban terminé, on arrache la broche et la chemise reste à l'intérieur du ruban. Le forgeur appointit les bouts du ruban de manière à ce que les deux bouts du tube se terminent plats. Puis, après avoir pris la précaution de mettre un bou- chonjde terre glaise, il fait une chaude à chaque bout pour souder la chemise avec le ruban, afin de maintenir le ruban fixé sur la chemise. Cette chemise ne sert absolument qu'à faciliter la forge des canons roulés en spirale. Il serait possible de forger un canon roulé sans chemise, mais ce serait chercher à vaincre une grande difficulté pour faire un plus mauvais canon.
To make the barrel, it’s necessary to wind the ribband around the sleeve. Here’s how this operation proceeded. The prong supporting the sleeve was connected with a type of hook placed near to the end of the sleeve; the big end of the ribband, heated red-hot, was passed through the hook and all the red-hot part of the ribband was rolled onto the sleeve, then another part was heated and the rolling continued until the end of the ribband was reached. As this ribband was 4 to 5 meters long, the successive partial reheating engendered a very difficult operation, which for a long time gave a lot of trouble to the smiths, until finally they had the idea to wind this ribband onto itself, in the form of a disc, starting at the little end. In this manner, the ribband of 4 to 5 meters or 15 to 18 feet long necessary to make a barrel, is reduced to disc with a diameter of 18 - 20 centimetres, or 7 - 8 inches, a size easy to heat and easy to roll with pincers. When the rolling of the ribband is finished, the mandrel is pulled off and the sleeve remains inside the ribband. The smith dresses the ends of the ribband so that the two ends of the tube terminate evenly. Then, having taken the precaution to insert a plug of clay, each end is heated to weld the sleeve to the ribband, as well as to ensure the ribband is fixed to the sleeve. This sleeve is only there to assist the forging of barrels turned in twists. It would be possible to forge a barrel turned without a sleeve, but that would be to try to overcome a great difficulty and end up making a worse barrel.
La forge du canon à rubans se fait à peu près comme celle du canon en lames, seulement, au feu, le maniement de la chaude est un peu différent. L'on met un trafic et l'on commence la première chaude à 15 ou 20 centimètres de la bouche. Quand le canon prend le rouge, il plie comme s'il était cassé; arrivé au rouge blanc, c'est à peine s'il résiste. On commence alors à refouler en frappant sur la tête du trafic à mesure qu'on refoule ; le canon, qui, à la main, paraissait cassé, prend du corps et devient plus raide ; c'est que les spirales du rubans se soudent par le refoulage. On refoule continuellement, jusqu'à ce que le canon replie et donne un son cassé. Alors le forgeur tire sa chaude du feu toujours en refoulant et très délicatement, car un rien pourrait faire casser le canon; il refoule trois ou quatre fois en frappant contre l'enclume avec l'extrémité du canon. ll commence légèrement et augmente la force du refoulage à chaque coup, en ayant soin de tourner son canon dans la main, afin de conserver l'aplomb du tube sur la chaude, car si le canon se faussait sur la chaude en refoulant, au lieu de souder les jonctions de chaque spirale, on les dessouderait. Sitôt que le forgeur a refoulé ces trois ou quatre coups, le frappeur, comme pour les canoas lisses, tient sa broche de la main gauche, l'enfile dans le canon et frappe de suite avec un marteau de 7 à 8 livres ou 4 kilogr., en repoussant le coup de marteau au lieu de le tirer à lui. Cette opération se continue toujours de même jusqu'à la fin comme pour les canons lisses. Puis l'on recommence aussi une deuxième opération de soudure appelée le repassage, dans laquelle on fait toujours deux chaudes dans le même point et toujours aussi en refoulant, attendu qne les soudures sont toutes en travers.
The forging of a barrel using ribbands is done almost like that for a barrel using blades, only at the fire the handling of the heated piece is a little different. One uses a trafic (Trans note: a trade-specific term for an implement?) and begins the first heating at 15 or 20 cm from the (barrel)mouth. When the barrel heats to red, it bends like it was broken; on reaching white red heat, it hardly able offer resistance. One then starts to press while striking the head of the trafic as one goes along; the barrel, which, to the touch would appear broken, takes shape and becomes stiffer; the twists of the ribbands are welded by the pressure of the blows. One presses continuously, until that the barrel rings and give a broken sound. Then the smith draws la chaude (the heated piece?) from fire always while pressing very gently, because the barrel is very easily broken; he presses three or four times while beating against the anvil with the end of the barrel. He starts gently and increases the force of pressure with each blow, taking care to turn his barrel in his hand, in order to preserve the equilibrium of the tube in the heat, because if the barrel were distorted on the heat while under pressure, instead of welding the joints of each spiral, one would unsolder them. As soon as the smith has pressed these three or four blows, the striker, as for the smooth barrels, holds the mandrel in his left hand, inserts it into the barrel and strikes it with a hammer of 7 to 8 pounds or 4 kg., pushing away the blows of the hammer instead of drawing them to him. This operation always continues the same way until the end as for smooth barrels. Then he again starts a second operation of welding called “the ironing”, in which he always makes two heats in the same place and always also while pressing, waiting until the welds are all across.
Quant à la forge, elle se fait bien dans le même genre,-mais elle présente cependant quelques particularités à noter. Ainsi, l'on n'attend pas d'avoir un son cassé pour tirer la chaude; on regarde son canon au feu comme qui forge une barre de fer, et sitôt qu'on arrive au blanc soudant, l'on fait sa chande avec le plus de vitesse possible ; car, comme la chaleur est juste, si on ne pressait pas les mouvements, on s'exposerait à ne pas bien souder. Pour prévenir plus sûrement ce défaut, on double toutes les chaudes, c'est- à-dire que l'on en fait deux au lieu d'une, ce qui fait qu'il faut beaucoup plus de temps pour forger un canon damas frisé qu'un ruban. Il faut aussi beaucoup plus d'attention, car la moindre place qui a reçu un peu trop de chaleur forme une tache blanche qui déroche moins bien et nuit à la beauté du canon. Bien que ce défaut ne porte pas préjudice à la solidité de l'arme, ça n'en est paa moins une .cause de dépréciation à la vente.
As at the forge, it is done in the same method, - but it however shows some noteworthy peculiarities. Thus, one does not wait to have a broken sound to pull out the heated piece; he looks at his gun in the fire as he would forge an iron bar, and as soon as it arrives at a white weld, he takes his chance as fast as possible; because, if the heat is right, were his movements not rushed, it would risk not being welded well. To more surely prevent this defect, all the heatings are doubled, that is to say one makes two instead of one of them, with the result that it takes much more time to forge a curly Damascus barrel than a ribband one. It also takes much more attention, because the least place which received a little too much heat forms a white stain which cleans less well and spoils the beauty of the gun. Although this defect does not damage the solidity of the weapon, it is more a cause of a lower value when selling.
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Drew, 1st para 2nd sentence--I'm pretty sure should be "on procedait" rather than "ou". Kerryman straightened it out in his translation.
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PULEEZE just one more paragraph  This from http://books.google.com/books?id=RkIWAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA347&lpg=PA347#PPA348,M1En Angleterre, ces épreuves sont obligatoires, elles se font à Londres depuis 1802 et à Birmingham depuis 1813, Bristol, bien que centre de fabrication, n'a pas de banc d'épreuves; en Belgique, un banc d'épreuves a été également installé en 1810. En Amérique, il n'y a pas d'épreuves obligatoires, il en est de môme en France où il existe cependant des marques d'épreuves spéciales à Paris et à Saint-Etienne ; ftcs dernières, instituées en 1717, furent réglementées en 1782.
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