I have heard folks say on this forum, "I can put all the buckshot from my Sauer 3000 into a 10" circle at 40 yds, and now, I hear of miracle patterns with soft shot in bygone days...maybe, but you will have to show me! My experience has been that a number of shotguns are a law unto themselves to a certain extent. Turkey chokes don't always work in all guns. Shooting IS the proof of pudding, often with alterations occurring in stages until the desired outcome is achieved. I have seen as many patterns ragged from overchoke as improved. Wish I had the answer, but I mostly have more questions--like about the specific contour of the forcing cones both out of the chamber and entering the choke. Lots and lots of variables concerning straightness, concave tapers (especially after honing) and the effects on shot column repositioning. This is without the differing hardness levels of shot, "bounce effects" of steel-hard shot, etc. We'll be around many a campfire all night before I am convinced...but I still like to hear you talk about it, so pass the popcorn and coke! Steve