Sort of off topic but not quite. IIRC the 3 1/2 in 12ga. came about because Ca. banned 10 ga. when steel came out so Marlin put a 10 ga. barrel on a 12 ga. gun and everyone upped the payload to 1 3/4 oz. with big steel shot to get pellet count and pattern density back up.

I have one of the 3 1/2 in. 10 ga. Ithaca NIDs and it will reliabily kill geese and cranes with bismuth or nice shot (2's) to 75-80 yds. If I am on that day.


W. E. Boyd