there are good postings on parker web site, reminds me of discussion here a few years ago on what size shot to use for 100 yard birds. ethics aside it seems' all parker postings including respected real hunters think 70 yards or so is technical limit for sportsmen shooting at birds with shotguns. to include any gauge shotgun and any shot size except for very luck hit with single bb in head. otherwise bird flys off wounded for lingering death. i post here this for education. http://parkerguns.org/forums/showthread.php?t=10019