Short of substituting the wrong powder, a wad in the forcing cone (I do not see a ring bulge), or a manufacturing defect, it is very difficult to rupture the breech of a modern quality O/U; likely > 50,000 psi
The pressure separated the breech at the monobloc, and was enough to fragment the breech.
This MAY have been DDT
http://www.trapshooters.com/threads/smokeless-powder-ddt.245629/ Smokeless shotgun powders CAN, under experimental conditions or with the use of a detonator, be made to detonate.
I have seen no article as yet documenting detonation using shotgun primers or in a shotshell.
Unfortunately a metallurgical failure study is likely to only show rapid deformation (not fatigue) with terminal cleavage, not the cause.
I would strongly urge the shooter to confirm the powder used, and send his reloads for pressure testing.
Did the hulls he was using have a separate base wad??