I'm sorry William. You've lost me again. Maybe google "associative looseness"
I thought you highjacked poor ed's thread about AI for another rant about cracked frame Flues?
"I've never seen a Smith...Lefever, NID or Ithaca Lefever, or even a Crescent (!) with a cracked frame" is factual, and many more Smiths and Crescents were manufactured than Flues, SAC or BAC.
What is the connection with loose Crescents? Or guns with top lever extensions and rotary bolts? (BTW I've never seen nor heard of an 'auto-opening' Smith. Should we start another thread?)

The point regarding proof testing is that Flues were proved for Nitro pressures, AS WERE BRITISH GUNS if marked 'NITRO PROOF' after 1896.
Pressure with 6 1/4 Drams “Tower Proof” Black Powder and 1 2/3 oz. shot was about 14,000 psi
Curtis & Harvey’s No. 4 T.S. Black Powder was about 13,000 psi
90 grains (42 grains = 3 Dram) “Schultze” about 13,300 psi
90 grains “E.C.” about 15,400 psi

Amazing what one can find with hours of searching wink even for those of us with simple minds smile