Rotenone is neurotoxic and now banned from used on turf. It is still used to kill fish but degrades rapidly.
Chlorpyrifos and Paraquat are not banned but also neurotoxic.
There is evidence that there is an increased risk of Parkinson's just living near golf courses.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2833716 https://www.parkinson.org/blog/science-news/golf-courses The American Chemical Society isn't worried
https://www.acs.org/pressroom/press...des-used-on-turfgrass-is-likely-low.html Courses are increasingly using FlightControl Plus (anthranquinone) which is a digestive irritant to geese. Long term ingestion by humans may increase the risk of colon cancer, but the stuff isn't systemically absorbed and shouldn't be in the meat.
High densities of geese increase the risk of Salmonella, E. Coli, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium in goose poop, and in the meat of gut shot geese. That would be my biggest concern. And I can personally testify that Giardia is no fun.
More fun reading from Cornell
https://phys.org/news/2025-01-contaminants-commonly-waterfowl-pose-potential.html
