I guess I've never really understood the determination of parameters for proof testing. If a a piece of machinery is built to withstand specific stress limits, how do you determine how far beyond those limits should be considered safe?
Suppose you need to design a pipe to withstand 12,000 psi. Because of life safety issues you multiply the 12,000 psi by a
safety factor of 5 and get 60,000 psi. You then design the pipe to withstand up to 60,000 psi. Then you build the pipe and you subject it to a proof test of 24,000 psi.
I made up the safety factor of 5. I have seen them as high as 100 (cranes). I completely left fatigue stress considerations out etc...
Best,
Mike
Edit - Safety Factors are arbitrary to my mind. Based on experience and science and statistics I imagine.