Rust, etch, then card under running water w/ fine steel wool.
Dry, recoat and allow to rust again. Then repeat.
I never have boiled them till the last coat to get a 'black & white' pattern.
Wether it's wood or metal,, There are many ways to accomplish the desired finish.
Techniques differ / Results count.
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I imagine putting warm or hot barrels into the etching soln would greatly increase the etching effect,,and not in a positive way for the production of the desired damascus finish.
Protect the bore(s) while etching the barrels.