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William, I suppose anything is possible, but I have a difficult time imagining on what theory a real successful legal action would be based. You have included gobs of disclaimers. You haven't charged for services. You have not named yourself an expert.

Lets say I offered someone directions that required crossing a railroad track. Am I liable if they walk/drive in front of a train?

Personally, I hope you do keep posting. I like your work.

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William, There are much bigger things in this world to worry over.

You have a device that consistently and reliably measures something. Nothing more. It does exactly what it's supposed to do.

As I said in my first post within this thread, it is a mistake to use the data to improperly extrapolate an answer to a different question.
You, or anyone else in the world with a yardstick, cannot be held responsible for what someone thinks is meant by a measurement.

You need to ease back on the paranoia throttle a bit.

My view on these pressure measurers is they are a great QC tool.
For ammunition.


Out there doing it best I can.
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Bill,
I can't imagine anyone would think they could make a claim against a name on the internet that posted something, let alone be successful. The whole internet couldn't exist if these people were right.

Don't let some twit comment rob you of exchanging experiences here.

Personally, I'd like to see you post more.

Regards
Chuck

Rocketman #231450 06/07/11 10:23 AM
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Originally Posted By: Rocketman
Originally Posted By: L. Brown
Simple question from a non-technical type: If the reading provided by the gauge depends on the dimensions of the metal, then how could a single strain gauge provide an accurate reading anywhere other than where it's placed? The strain gauge provides a trace of pressure vs time. The pressure inside the barrel "combustion chamber" will be relatively the same throughout; the pressure immediately behind the wad is about the same as in the chamber. This being true, the strain gauge pressure reading at any point of the trace will be useable as the pressure for any point behind the wad. Assuming it's reading pressure in the chamber, there would not be any way to tell the pressure farther down the barrel, where the dimensions of the metal change significantly . . . would there? Yes, but we need to convert the time axis to displacement. This requires a fairly complex set of calculations; just the sort of thing computers do well. I'm not sure if any of the pressure insttruments provide an option for pressure vs displacement --- yet. As I understand, that's why Bell used several strain gauges at various positions on the barrel. This is a good approach, sure fire, if you will, but not the only approach wsith strain gauges and piezo gauges, both of which give pressure vs time traces. With crusher technology it is the only way due to the crusher giving point peak pressure only and time or displacement base data; hence the barrel bristling with crusher ports. His tests were made in an effort to determine whether the peak pressure really does vary significantly between black and smokeless, and between fast-burning and slow-burning smokeless powders. From his results--and I think also from the earlier Dupont tests--it does not appear that there is much variation at all in the location of the peak pressure (always in the chamber), although there is some in how quickly the pressure drops. But, not generally enough to reliably suggest switching from one powder to another to protect thin profile barrels.


Rocketman, you've left me in a state of confusion. The wad moves down the barrel. The strain gauge only measures pressure where it's placed--typically in the chamber, to measure peak pressure. Are you then saying that the peak pressure remains the same all the way down the barrel--as long as it's measured behind the wad? I don't think that's what you're trying to say, but what you are trying to say is unclear to me.

The only point Bell was exploring in his tests was whether fast vs slow powders (black included in the latter) had a significantly different pressure profile, and especially whether slow powders peaked significantly farther down the barrel than fast powders. His tests established that all powders reach their peak pressure inside the chamber. Nothing he did in that test, or attempted to do, had anything to do with selecting the correct load (which would include primer, wad, and shot charge as well as powder) to result in a pressure low enough to be within the parameters for which specific barrels were designed.

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LB,
My take on Don's point was that pressure is distributed equally in the available volume at any instantaneous point in time during the acceleration of the payload. So, if you measured strain/pressure 1" from the breach, at a particular time in the firing process, the pressure would be the same at that time from the breach to the point just behind the wad base. If a payload was halfway down the barrel, the pressure behind the way would be the same as at the breach, at that particular time. There may be some gas dynamics that aren't accounted for in this conclusion, but it should be reasonably close. The Pressure Trace will, with a single measurement point at the breach, measures pressures for the entire trip of the payload down the barrel. It is depicted in a pressure/time curve. Figuring out exactly where the payload is along the barrel is tougher. Bell's setup of testing at ports along the barrel eliminated the job of figuring out where the payload was along the barrel at any given time.

My understanding of Bell's multi-port testing was to see if peak pressure occurred and/or higher pressures were maintained with the payload significantly further down the barrel when using slower powders than with faster powders. This was a theory that, if true, could expose thinner areas of the tapered barrels to higher stress than might be safe. It would not neccesarily have to be peak pressure that ruptures a barrel in the thinner sections further down the barrel. Just pressures that exert higher stress than that section of the barrel can take. I'm guessing we have the same understanding of what Bell was trying to reveal.

L. Brown #231475 06/07/11 03:20 PM
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Originally Posted By: L. Brown
Originally Posted By: Rocketman
Originally Posted By: L. Brown
Simple question from a non-technical type: If the reading provided by the gauge depends on the dimensions of the metal, then how could a single strain gauge provide an accurate reading anywhere other than where it's placed? The strain gauge provides a trace of pressure vs time from ignition to muzzle exit. The pressure inside the barrel "combustion chamber" will be relatively the same throughout; the pressure immediately behind the wad is about the same as in the chamber. This being true, the strain gauge pressure reading at any given point of the trace will be useable as the pressure for that point in terms of displacement behind the wad. Assuming it's reading pressure in the chamber, there would not be any way to tell the pressure farther down the barrel, where the dimensions of the metal change significantly . . . would there? Yes, but we need to convert the time axis to displacement. This requires a fairly complex set of calculations; just the sort of thing computers do well. I'm not sure if any of the pressure insttruments provide an option for pressure vs displacement --- yet. As I understand, that's why Bell used several strain gauges at various positions on the barrel. This is a good approach, sure fire, if you will, but not the only approach wsith strain gauges and piezo gauges, both of which give pressure vs time traces. With crusher technology it is the only way due to the crusher giving point peak pressure only and time or displacement base data; hence the barrel bristling with crusher ports. His tests were made in an effort to determine whether the peak pressure really does vary significantly between black and smokeless, and between fast-burning and slow-burning smokeless powders. From his results--and I think also from the earlier Dupont tests--it does not appear that there is much variation at all in the location of the peak pressure (always in the chamber), although there is some in how quickly the pressure drops. But, not generally enough to reliably suggest switching from one powder to another to protect thin profile barrels.


Rocketman, you've left me in a state of confusion. A considerably better state than knowing it all and being wrong; lets see if I can beam you up to the state of understanding. The wad moves down the barrel. Yes, we agree on that grin. The strain gauge only measures pressure where it's placed--typically in the chamber (yes), to measure peak pressure (no, it measures pressure all the time from ignition to muzzle exit). Are you then saying that the peak pressure remains the same all the way down the barrel (no)--as long as it's measured behind the wad (the pressure behind the wad and in the chamber are nearly the same)? I don't think that's what you're trying to say, but what you are trying to say is unclear to me. I'm saying that the trace pressure, which records the rise in pressure from ignition to peak and the decay in pressure as the wad moves down the barrel is not confined to peak chamber pressure. If you convert the time axis of the pressure trace to displacement of the wad, then you will have peak pressure at each location from chamber to muzzle. The pressure at wad passage will be peak (and then decay) for each location. If you were to locate a strain gauge half way down the barrel, it would produce a trace "identical" to the last half (based on displacement, not on time) of the chamber pressure trace.

The only point Bell was exploring in his tests was whether fast vs slow powders (black included in the latter) had a significantly different pressure profile, and especially whether slow powders peaked significantly farther down the barrel than fast powders. His tests established that all powders reach their peak pressure inside the chamber. Nothing he did in that test, or attempted to do, had anything to do with selecting the correct load (which would include primer, wad, and shot charge as well as powder) to result in a pressure low enough to be within the parameters for which specific barrels were designed. Bell explored a few other questions, but this was a main finding.


Just read Chuck's note and I agree.

Last edited by Rocketman; 06/07/11 03:37 PM.
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Now I'm seriously confused. There's only one pressure peak, after which pressure drops. Only goes one direction after the peak, which is down. You talk about "the decay in pressure" while also referring to "peak pressure at each location from chamber to muzzle". Those two concepts directly contradict each other. Peak, as an adjective, means highest--and there can be only one highest. Everything else is lower. You also have contradictory statements about pressure measurements. You agree that the gauge only measures pressure where it's placed . . . but then you tell me it measures pressure all the way down the barrel. If it did that, then why did Bell use several strain gauges? And I thought we'd agreed previously that a strain gauge depends on the dimensions of the metal--which obviously change significantly from chamber to muzzle, which would make it impossible for a single gauge placed in the chamber to measure pressure at the muzzle, where the dimension of the metal is very different.

Waters are getting murkier and murkier . . .

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Larry;
Go back & re-read R-man very slowly & carefully. You're not quoting what R-Man said at all. The Strain gauge does indeed only measure the pressure at one point. It is set at about the 1" point to be sure & catch the peak. Yes it only occurs once, that's exaxtly what R-Man said.

You are I think confusing these gauges with the action of a crusher which can only measure the (1) peak. The strain gauge on the other hand gives a continous reading of the pressure in the bbl. As the shot moves on down the bbl, the pressure falls (Decays) & it does so over the entire length from breech to wads at a basically even pressure. Thus while if a load peaks at 9K for instance 2" from the breech, this is the only pressure which a lead crusher will record, even though at the 6" point the pressure may be only 4K & will also have that amount of pressure now at the 2" point as well. The Strrain gauge on the other hand will record both the 9K & the 4K pressures & give the "Time" they occured.

Bell could have gotten very accepctable results with the use of only one gauge. He could of course have simply read the Cox/DuPont results which had been on record since the early 1920's & had adequantly proven & recorded what he was trying to determine. These tests were I believe done using Piezo Electric gauges which were also capable of reading continous pressure curves.

If you will just go back & comprehend R-Mans posts you will see they are not contradictary at all but straight forward & quite easy to understand. The absolute "Peak" pressure was of course reached only once. The "Peak" at any point beyond did not reach the same pressure as that high point of the entire bbl, but was the peak for "That Point". Thus from my above scenario the bbl peak would have been reached at 2" @ 9K, but the peak at 6" was 4K, the pressure never reached 9K @ 6" from the breech. A strain gauge set at the 1" point would have shown a reading of 9K when at the 2" peak & 4k when the wad passed the 6" point as the pressure would have been equalizing all along the bore as the shot traveled down it. The pressure did not stay at 9k at the peak point for the entire time the shot was in the bbl.

If you put a pressure gauge on the valve stem of a tire & it reads 32psi, & you then go half way around the tire & stick an ice pick in & yank it out as you hear that hissing sound the pressure will start to drop at the valve the same as it does next to the puncture, it'll go flat all the way around. The one gauge will read the pressure in the entire tire, just as that one strain gauge will read the pressure in the entire bbl.


Miller/TN
I Didn't Say Everything I Said, Yogi Berra
2-piper #231524 06/07/11 09:19 PM
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Originally Posted By: 2-piper
...These tests were I believe done using piezo electric gauges which were also capable of reading continuous pressure curves....

Miller, from my reading of Cox you are correct. They were only "handicapped" by not having a digital oscilloscope. However, by increasing the dwell the trace stays visible for some time. They would photograph the trace. Using the photo, they would then hand copy each result to a paper graph. At least that is the presumed method. Cox never gives exact detail except to note the use of piezo gauges.

Pete

L. Brown #231541 06/07/11 10:40 PM
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Originally Posted By: L. Brown
Now I'm seriously confused. A temporary condition that a stout dose of technology will cure grin. There's only one pressure peak, after which pressure drops. If refering to the chamber pressure, yes. We refer to that as peak chamber pressure. However, all areas of the barrel are unaware of that peak chamber pressure as they are sealed off from it by the wad. Only goes one direction after the peak, which is down. Agree. You talk about "the decay in pressure" while also referring to "peak pressure at each location from chamber to muzzle". A strain gauge at the middle of the barrel would never record the peak chamber pressure. At wad passage, it would record a peak pressure unique to the mid-barrel location and then a decay of pressure. It would see a peak pressure greatly lower than the peak chamber pressure. Those two concepts directly contradict each other. Not quite. Peak, as an adjective, means highest--and there can be only one highest. There is a peak pressure for each location in the barrel and each is different. The commonly used "peak pressure" is actually peak chamber pressure; which is the highest for the barrel. Everything else is lower. Yes, but if you select a location other than the chamber and wish to know the peak pressure of that location you will not use peak chamber pressure. You also have contradictory statements about pressure measurements. You agree that the gauge only measures pressure where it's placed . . . but then you tell me it measures pressure all the way down the barrel. If it did that, then why did Bell use several strain gauges? Evidentally he did not have a conversion of time to displacementand/or he wished to iron-clad sure of his data. And I thought we'd agreed previously that a strain gauge depends on the dimensions of the metal--which obviously change significantly from chamber to muzzle, which would make it impossible for a single gauge placed in the chamber to measure pressure at the muzzle, where the dimension of the metal is very different. Nope. Note that I said that the pressure at any given time/displacement is basically uniform throughout the enclosed volume (disreguarding some small differences due to flow). Therefore, the chamber strain gauge (or, for that matter, a recording pressure gauge with a chamber tap) gives pressure of the enclosed volume vs time or displacement. The measurements of the metal are used to calibrate the strain gauge to produce accurate readings. Correlation of voltage to gas pressure depends on the metal strain which depends on the measurements/dimensions and the gas pressure. So, if I feed the computer the gauge characteristics for converting metal strain to voltage and the metal dimensions, I have a product of pressure.

Waters are getting murkier and murkier . . .


Stay the course and it will become clear. I've faith in you, good buddy, faith, I say!!

Thanks, 2-p. A very good explaination and exactly on point. I had, however, written the above before I read you reply - - - so, why waste a lot of good key strokes!!

Pete, I think you are exactly right as to Cox's method. I used a similar method with a scope equipped with a Polaroid camera in an undergraduate research project. Upon graduation, I was soon "awarded" a 10 channel light oscillograph (you had to photgraphically develop the paper) for tire traction studies.

Last edited by Rocketman; 06/07/11 10:52 PM.
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