'Shotguns and Shooting' - Ch 13, 'Practical Chokes', pg 116: "Instead let's take the fact that it does work as a given, and talk here about practical application and the importance of choke to a bird hunter and recreational target shooter" (emphasis added).

Author goes on to exclude rigorous target shooters, and include relatively new shooters. What are they shooting? Hmmmm... His illustrations involve target shooters.

I have a group of kids who are eager to develop shotgun skills. Let's pretend I can choose either of Vernal's 20 ga guns for those 35 yd face-on battues. Which would a good coach select? I mean, let's assume I actually give a crap about whether they develop confidence and skill. The question here: which gun provides the more effective pattern at 35 yds on any target. That's right, I said "any target".

It's not even close.

Now lets talk about that over 50 yd, maybe 1/4 to 1/2 belly showing crosser. .000/.000 with a 7/8 oz 20, eh? "Absurd" is more like it.

Sam