"Battle of Vienna" by Juliusz Kossak with a miquelet rifle in foreground
c. 1580
Lock 'a la Miquelet, the flint-lock, was invented in Spain. In 1600, 400 French and Walloon Protestant mercenaries of the garrison of Papa offer their services to the Ottomans. Shortly thereafter miquelet carbines and rifles with pattern welded barrels were manufactured in Turkey.
c. 1600s Turkish miquelet with clearly recognizable Four Iron Crolle from 'The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin', May 1958, "The New Galleries of Oriental Arms and Armor"
Some barrels however were "Damascene". Ottoman barrel with roll-graved 4 Iron crolle pattern
It was not until about 1700 that Twist barrels were manufactured in Liege; Crolle about 1750.
